ABSTRACT
Tenuifolin， a main component in Polygalae Radix， is frequently used as an important indicator for quality control of Polygalae Radix and its processed products. Dementia is a serious and persistent cognitive disorder， and the number of dementia patients is increasing worldwide， which brings great economic burden and mental pressure to families and society. At present， cholinesterase inhibitor and other drugs can only alleviate the symptoms of dementia， and there are some toxic and side effects. It has been found that tenuifolin can significantly improve cognitive disorder， learning and memory and is expected to be a potential drug for treating dementia. Tenuifolin exerts protective effects on amyloid-β （Aβ） deposition， acetylcholine reduction， neuroinflammation， cellular oxidative damage and nerve cell apoptosis caused by neurodegenerative diseases via multiple mechanisms， and can be applied to various types of dementia. In addition， it can be quickly absorbed into the blood， mainly distributed in liver and kidney， and can enter into the brain through the blood-brain barrier. However， because of its large molecular mass and poor fat solubility， tenuifolin can be rapidly eliminated， generating some problems such as low oral absoBrbability and permeability of blood-brain barrier. Therefore， the information of chemistry， pharmacology， pharmacokinetics and toxicology of tenuifolin was summarized in this paper to provide reference and ideas for further research and application.
ABSTRACT
Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix （AA） is a basic pair of drugs mainly targeting the syndrome characteristics of Qi and blood diseases. LI Dong-yuan's Danggui Buxuetang （DBT） is composed of AA， which is mainly used to tonify Qi and generate blood， with main indications of Qi deficiency and blood deficiency， blood heat and so on. It is favored by doctors because of its refined prescription and remarkable curative effect. However， there are many compatibility ratios of AA in different prescriptions in ancient books， and their efficacy and indications are also slightly different. This research showed that DBT also had the effect of invigorating Qi and activating blood， and the previous study of the group showed that 3∶1 compatibility ratio of the two herbs in the total amount of 36 g had more obvious effect of invigorating Qi and activating blood. By consulting the relevant literature， it was found that the drug pair had a certain effect of invigorating Qi and activating blood in various compatibility ratios such as 1∶1， 3∶1， 1∶5， 3∶2， 2∶1， 5∶1. The corresponding pharmacological effect mainly included regulating the energy metabolism of substances， regulating immune function， reducing blood viscosity， anti-oxidation stress， anti-inflammation， lowering blood lipids， lowering blood sugar， protecting heart function， protecting blood vessel wall， intervening angiogenesis， fighting against organ tissue fibrosis and so on. Regardless of the AA single-medicine's activating blood effect and the theory that "Qi circulation leads to blood circulation" or the drug pair's manifestation in modern pharmacological effects， all of these have confirmed that AA's effect of invigorating Qi and activating blood does exist， and the difference of action performance caused by different ratios of AA is closely related to dosage and proportion， which needs further study. Based on the study focusing on the effect of tonifying Qi and generating blood， it is easy to ignore the effect of invigorating Qi and activating blood， which limits the clinical application of the latter. Therefore， the tonifying Qi and activating blood circulation effect of the drug pair is reviewed in this paper， so as to provide a theoretical basis for its clinical rational drug use and related research.
ABSTRACT
The prescription Qifuyin is composed of traditional Chinese herbal medicines,Ginseng Radix et Rhi- zoma,Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Atractylodes Macrocephalae Rhizoma Tostum,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle,Ziziphi Spinosae Semen and Polygalae Radix Praeparata,and Qifuyin is used to treat dementia in clinic. In order to clarify the chemical components contained and lay the foundation for further exploring pharmacodynamic substances in Qifuyin,this paper summarizes and analyzes research results on the chemical components of 7 individual herbs and the whole Qifuyin prescription in the past 10 years,and discusses the relationship of components between the 7 individual herbs and the whole prescription. The results showed that there were 1227 components in 7 herbs,including 594 volatile oils,232 triterpenes,136 organic acids,96 flavonoids,56 glycosides,23 alka- loids,21 amino acids,18 coumarins,16 saccharides,14 steroids,13 oligosaccharide esters and 5 other compounds. There were 154 components in Qifuyin,including 67 triterpenes,23 oligosaccharide esters,11 volatile oils,10 glyco- sides,9 alkaloids,9 organic acids and 3 other compounds. There are obvious differences in the types and quantities of chemical components in Qifuyin and related single herb.